We
provide unique characteristics found in the stellar grains submitted to
AMIA Laboratories for analysis. Submitted was a vial of whole grains,
approximately 45 grains (see accompanying XRD patterns), a one mm thick
slice approximately 1 cm x 2 cm, and a thin section ground to 30
microns. The grains in the vial and the part slice were cleaned
with a mild dilute acid solution prior to submittal to ensure lessening
of terrestrial contaminants and were thoroughly dried prior to
shipping. Cleaning the grains did not remove nor alter the annealed FeO
shell surrounding each grain although several grains were broken
exposing the interior SiO2 crystalline material. It is evident
from examination under the microscope that the individual crystals are
in solution with other metals. Out of the batch of grains shipped in the vial six were selected at random
for EDS analysis. As is
evident from the scattered image below, the stellar grains vary in size
from ~ .30 mm to .90 mm and are semi-circular, circular, and oval shaped.
The significance is that at least one grain of the six shows a
wide variation in crystal chemistry as the result of coagulation,
accretion and crystallization of dust particles to form a single
grain and that this may be indicative of the stellar out flows (stellar
wind), temperature and pressure dynamics already a part of the
literature.
(see
wide distribution in chemical composition of particles 4 and 5 below).
Particle or stellar grain number 1; It appears that
perhaps stars may be the source of all matter.
We see from particle
1 data below that Copper (Cu) was found in the the stellar grain at over 2%.
The variation in crystal chemistry for each grain is different from grain
to grain and as was previously seen in thin section extremely wide chemical
variation can sometimes be seen within a single grain. It appears temperature
and pressure constraints did not favor S, P, Cl, and non-tetrahedrally
coordinated elements which constitute one percent or less in each grain.
Al, Ti, O and Fe being the most abundant. Carbon was also present.
Among other work, we are concentrating our
efforts to determine what factors led to Potassium depletion and complete lack
of Potassium in some grains by using the coordination sequencing and taking
other relevant factors into consideration.
In examining the elemental abundances of individual grains we note that at
point X nuclear fusion transforming the elements to a higher Z value ceases
to occur and crystalline stellar grain building (bonding) begins to take
place within the reservoir of available elements. The window of opportunity
shifting from element to crystal grain occurs in a precise region marked
by a precise function of temperature and pressure and distance from the nuclear
furnace. Further distance from the nuclear core decreases the oxidation potential
and bonding temperature resulting in an outflow of early formed mature stellar
grains (highest potential) and free atoms (lowest opportunity-potential and
unbound atoms). This process already firmly implanted in the literature but
not directly established from actual stellar grain sources [1] could explain
the spectral abundances signatures noted by other researchers including that
as noted by
Kotz and Purcell.
In drawing a correlation from the cosmic chemical memory of the stellar grain
sample and accounting of excessive K2O in BCC 9601 our lunar surface crustal
sample, that its Potassium abundance exceeds that for known lunar samples
but depleted in the stellar grain sample. We initially drew the conclusion
that the overabundance of this element in the lunar sample was partly due
to differentiation and a high potassium enrichment from stellar grain sources
by micrometeorite implantation and consumed by the system. This combination
of grain implantation and differentiation resulting in an overabundance of
Silica and Potassium for the magma ocean in the lunar highlands region.
Reserved for graph(s) explanation of K abundance in terms of odd-even numbered elemental abundances by Kotz and Purcell and X-ray diffraction patterns coinciding and confirming Kotz and Purcell.
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It is important to note that those elements
essential or critical to life processes are found in both lower
frequency and comprise a smaller fraction of the grains on a weight
percent basis. Below is a distribution of the f, and average weight
percents ordered by occurrence (f). The more volatile elements are more
than likely accidentals with no means of escaping the massive outflow
of the thermonuclear environment, therefore are bonded in the crystal structures as possible defects.
To
the interested reader and Amateur Astronomers: Please note that all
stellar matter cannot fit into a single pigeonhole compositionally
because the factors such as stellar size, age, type and evolutionary
stage are particular to the star in question. (Sort of like trying to
fit every square inch of the Moon into a straight line compositionally,
it cannot be done). For more information
see this page.
So while there may be some similarities of BCC0001 to previously
identified stellar grains, there will be many differences. This
is the first time a
stellar grain hand sample has ever been
found, identified and studied. By this we mean that a hand sample of
nothing but stellar grain matter such as this has never been found
until BCC0001. More information will be provided when unidentified
phases are resolved.
We cannot spend too much time on one sample because
other samples are deserving attention so we will go back and forth and
update the pages as we have time.
